Effective Leadership in Organizations During the COVID-19 Crisis: An Example From the Philippines

The purpose of this study was to identify leadership behaviors and traits that employees deemed helpful for the organization and for the workforce approximately 1 year after the onset of the pandemic. The metacategories of leadership were used as a guiding framework. Qualitative data from 128 employees in the Philippines were gathered through an online survey and subjected to content analysis. Results pointed to several traits and behaviors under relationship-oriented, task-oriented, and change-oriented leadership. A fourth metacategory called influence-oriented leadership also emerged. Implications on the study of crisis leadership, as well as practical implications for leaders of organizations during periods of crisis are discussed.