LOW BACK PAIN ESTIMATES IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical character-istics of low back pain (LBP) in adult professional soccer players. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The review included 44 studies. The pooled prevalence of LBP during <= 1 season was 1% (95%CI = 0-4%) in men. The pooled point prevalence of LBP was 25% (95%CI = 16-36%) in men and 28% (95%CI = 20-37%) in women. The pooled past-year prevalence of LBP was 34% (95%CI = 24-44%) in men. The pooled lifetime prevalence of LBP was 32% (95%CI = 25-39%) in men and 50% (95%CI = 32-69%) in women. The pooled frequency of LBP/total number of injuries was 2% (95%CI = 1-3%) in men and 4% (95%CI = 2-5%) in women. The pooled incidence rate of LBP/1,00 0 play- er-hours of exposure was 0.30 (95%CI = 0.17-0.53) in men and 0.32 (95%CI = 0.06-1.87 ) in women. The recurrence of LBP ranged from 3% to 63% in men. The intensity of LBP ranged from 1.68 (2.39) to 4.87 (2.14) points on a 0-10 scale (minimum = 0 and maximum = 8 points). The severity of LBP (days absent from professional activities due to pain) ranged from 2 (0) to 10 (19) days (minimum = 1 and maximum = 28 days). Conclusion: Adult elite soccer players have a substantial prevalence of LBP. The frequency and incidence of LBP (compared with other conditions and sports) seems to be low. Estimates of the recurrence, intensity, and severity of LBP are uncertain. Level of Evidence II, Systematic Review of Level II Studies.