Drug use and sexual behavior during COVID-19 lockdown in Australia

Objective: To examine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on drug consumption and sexual behaviors, among people living in Australia.Methods: Retrospective data analysis via logistic regression of 806 responses from an online, cross-sectional survey conducted during August 2020 was performed. State was a proxy for lockdown (Victoria = lockdown, other states = no lockdown).Result: sSome participants increased drug usage from 2019-2020: 25.0% for alcohol, followed by marijuana (11.0%), other drugs (8.9%), and tobacco (7.0%). Risk factors for increasing use included women who have sex with women (WSW) and unsecure employment; protective factors included being in a relationship. TAFE/Diploma/Certificate level education was a risk factor for tobacco use, but a protective factor for alcohol use. There was a strong association between drug use and high-risk sexual behaviors. Multivariable analysis found no significant difference in patterns of drug use in Victoria (lockdown), relative to other states (without lockdown).Conclusion: Several risk factors for drug use were identified, and high-risk sexual behaviors were associated with drug use. However, given the lack of difference between Victoria and other states, it is unclear if these changes are attributable to lockdown. Further research could explore the nature/causes of these changes, to inform future pandemic preparedness.