Challenges, recent development, and opportunities of smart waste collection: A review

Population growth and changing consumption patterns make waste management a significant global challenge. Studies evaluated that by 2050 almost 67 % of the Earth's population will live in megacities, which guides the requirement of smart assistance to answer the citizens' demands. Waste collection is an efficient IoT service that takes advantage of cost and energy efficiency. The fundamental end of this study is a review of utilizing IoT for waste collection to introduce technologies for waste collection in an eco-friendly method. This study investigated information and communication technologies (ICTs), including spatial, identification, acquisition, and data communication technologies. It also reviews several energy harvesting technologies for more cost reduction. The results showed that applying these technologies reduces costs and energy usage and can change the future of waste management.