National survey of transplant pharmacist ambulatory care practices

Introduction: There has been sustained growth in transplant pharmacist positions. However, the scope of pharmacist involvement, frequency of patient visits with a transplant pharmacist, and description of the transplant pharmacists' role in the ongoing management of transplant recipients have not been well described. ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and role of transplant pharmacists in the management of transplant recipients in the ambulatory care setting. Methods: A 53-question online survey was developed with the primary outcome being the incidence of solid organ transplant (SOT) programs with ambulatory care pharmacy services. Secondary outcomes included describing the scope of ambulatory transplant pharmacist activities for posttransplant recipients. The survey was distributed via transplant listservs and remained open from April 25, 2023 to May 27, 2023. Results: A total of 174 responses were included for analysis, with 47 (27%) being partial responses. The total number of pediatric adult and pediatric transplant centers in the United States was 248 with a total number of 748 active programs, giving an estimated response rate of 23.8%. Of those, 93.7% reported having ambulatory transplant pharmacy services. The median of ambulatory care full-time employees was 1 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-2) across the responding institutions. Transplant pharmacists were also involved in outpatient infusions (69.2%), immunization screening and administration (82.5%), telehealth services (57.0%), prescription refill authorization (61.0%) electronic medical record in-basket, or equivalent messaging tasks (91.1%). Conclusion: The incidence of SOT pharmacist involvement in ambulatory care is overall high (93.7%). Analysis of this project allows for a better understanding of the landscape of SOT ambulatory care pharmacy services and can be used as an assessment for standard practice activities.