Optimizing simulation of summer precipitation by weather research and forecasting model over the mountainous southern Tibetan Plateau

被引:5
|
作者
Liu, Huancai [1 ,2 ]
Zhao, Xuna [1 ]
Duan, Keqin [2 ]
Shang, Wei [2 ]
Li, Man [1 ,3 ]
Shi, Peihong [2 ]
机构
[1] Shanxi Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Taiyuan 030000, Peoples R China
[2] Shaanxi Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Tourism, Xian 710062, Peoples R China
[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金; 中国博士后科学基金;
关键词
Mountainous southern Tibetan Plateau; Precipitation; WRF model; Evaluation; OROGRAPHIC FORM DRAG; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; WINTER PRECIPITATION; REGIONAL CLIMATE; HEAVY RAINFALL; LAYER SCHEMES; WRF MODEL; CONVECTION; IMPACT;
D O I
10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106484
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
The mountainous regions of southern Tibetan Plateau and surroundings (hereafter mountainous southern TP), mainly including Himalayas, Gangdise, Nyainqentanglha and Hengduan Mountains, are characterized by high mountains and a complex terrain, and play a crucial role in the redistribution of monsoon water vapor and consequently determine the spatial distribution of precipitation over the TP. However, numerical simulations generally have large precipitation deviation in this focus area. Therefore, optimizing simulation of summer precipitation by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with two-way nested domains was carried out. A matrix of 11 model experiments, including four cumulus convection (CU) schemes, four microphysics (MP) schemes and four planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, were designed. In situ observations from 44 stations, TRMM 3B42 v7 precipitation product, and statistical and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods were utilized for the model evaluation. The results showed that physical parame-terization schemes, Kain-Fritsch-Cumulus Potential scheme (CU), Thompson scheme (MP), Mellor-Yamada-Janjic scheme (PBL), Unified Noah land surface model, and Eta similarity surface layer scheme, greatly reduced the summer precipitation simulation error of newly High Asia Refined analysis (HAR v2) over the mountainous southern TP, with the better reproduction of the spatiotemporal distribution and vertical variability of precip-itation. Compared to NCEP-FNL reanalysis data, the performance of this model setup forced by ERA5 was notably improved, especially with perspective to the vertical variability of precipitation. Our findings suggested that summer precipitation simulation was more sensitive to the CU scheme, and the choice of Kain-Fritsch-Cumulus Potential scheme (ERA5 as initial conditions) significantly improved the precipitation simulation, especially with the lowest MAE (2.00 mm/d), RMSE (2.89 mm/d) and highest Rs (0.74). Further analysis implied that accurate description of shallow convection and proper suppression of deep convection should be considered in precipi-tation simulations over the TP, especially in mountainous regions. This study could provide a firm foundation for the production of more realistic dynamic downscaling precipitation dataset over the TP.
引用
收藏
页数:13
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