Modeling injury severity of crashes involving golf carts: A case study of The Villages, Florida

ObjectiveCrashes involving golf carts (GCs) have been on an increasing trend in recent years, particularly in the United States. This study focuses on analyzing GC crashes in the Florida community known as The Villages, one of the largest GC-oriented communities in the nation and worldwide. The objective was to evaluate the injury severity of crashes involving GCs in a retirement community where GCs are a common mode of transportation.MethodsThe ordinal logistic regression (OLR) and Decision Tree Ensemble (DTE) models were used to analyze the injury severity of 616 GC-related crashes. Models' accuracy parameters were used to check their reliability.ResultsThe analysis revealed that GC crash severity is influenced by various factors. Factors found to be significant by the OLR model in determining injury severity include ejection of one or more occupants from the GC, the extent of damage to the GC, GC speed prior to the crash, roadway characteristics (including divided roadways, traffic control devices, paved shoulders, and T-intersections), and roll-over incidents. The OLR model demonstrated an overall accuracy of approximately 71% in predicting injury severity. The DTE model performed better, with an overall accuracy of 78%. The OLR model's findings were supported by the DTE model, which identified estimated GC speed, occupant(s) ejection from the GC, estimated GC vehicle damage, intersection type, and type of shoulder as the most important factors influencing GC crash severity.ConclusionsUnderstanding these factors is vital for transportation agencies to develop effective strategies to reduce the severity of GC crashes, ensuring the safety of GC users. This study provides recommendations to transportation agencies on measures to improve the safety of GCs.