Placement of electric vehicle charging station and solar distributed generation in distribution system considering uncertainties

The use of Electric Vehicle (EV) to the transport section is increasing and replacing the conventional fossil fuel-based vehicles. Still, EV has not received success due to some limitations such as cost of the vehicle, battery capacity, and availability of charging station. The availability of charging station depends on its geographical location. At the same time, location of the electrical network affects the energy loss and voltage deviation. Therefore, the test system considered here is a road network of the urban area overlapped with a 33-bus radial network. Allocation of EV charging stations and photovoltaic energy resources as renewable distributed generation was attempted simultaneously using 2-layer optimization. Differential Evolution and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) are the two tools that were used to solve the problem and the final results were validated using eight other established optimization techniques. 2m point estimation method was employed to deal with uncertainties in EV and PV. Monte-Carlo simulation was applied to cross verify the performance. The land cost and customer accessibility to charging stations were taken into account to allocate it to proper places. The entire study was performed based on the 24-hour dynamically varying EV similar to ows and PV outputs.