Damage monitoring of composite material structures based on stress wave analysis

Composite materials are widely used in aerospace, automobiles, ships, and other fields. However, they are easily affected by external factors, and these damages may lead to structural performance degradation or even failure. The method based on stress wave analysis can assess the damage degree and location of the structure by applying a short pulse or modulated load on the structure and using sensors to capture the propagation and reflection of stress waves. In this paper, through the study of the formation, propagation, and interaction of stress waves with materials, with the help of the characteristics and damage mechanism of composite materials and the analysis of the application process steps of stress waves in damage monitoring, combined with the discussion of damage location technology and damage severity assessment methods, and based on the final data results, the following conclusions are drawn: the greater the damage of the composite material is, the more obvious the attenuation of the amplitude of the stress wave and the greater the change of the propagation velocity is; at the same time, the comprehensive average improvement of the identification accuracy of the composite material structure damage monitoring system compared with the traditional method is about 10%. This shows that the stress wave analysis technology can detect tiny damage sensitively and can provide high-precision damage identification results.