Persistent trigeminal artery in a patient with moyamoya disease:a case report and literature review

BackgroundsPersistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare anastomosis between internal carotid artery (ICA) and basilar artery. In rare conditions, the PTA could be combined with others cerebrovascular anomalies, moyamoya disease (MMD) is one of them.Case presentationHere, we reported one rare case of MMD associated with PTA, the patient admitted to our department for severe dizziness and headache, imaging examination suggested MMD combined with right PTA, which arising from the ipsilateral cavernous portion of ICA. The patient received phased bilaterral revascularization with no any complication. In the subsequent follow-up, the patient's symptoms and intracranial vascular condition gradually improved. Moreover, we conducted a literature review of coexistence of PTA and MMD, the results of a web of science regarding such condition, and a deep discussion providing brief insight into the status of co-occurrence of PTA and MMD, including its manifestation, treatment and outcome.ConclusionsThe coexistence of PTA and MMD was rarely reported, the pathogenesis of such condition remains unknown. We found that the features of the coexistence of PTA and MMD were diverse, revascularization might be a feasible for such patient.