A novel green synthesis of honey-mediated CoCr2O4 nanoparticles and their expeditious heterogeneous catalytic role for the synthesis of 5-aryl-[1,2,4] triazolidine-3-thiones

In this context, first-time cobalt chromite nanoparticles (CoCr2O4 NPs) were synthesized using honey as a natural precursor through a bio-derived approach. The benefits of this protocol are an easy workup using inexpensive precursors. The textural characteristics of the as-synthesized CoCr2O4 NPs were examined via XRD, FTIR, UV, FESEM, EDX mapping, and VSM studies. Microscopic pictures revealed a cuboidal topology with a mean size of 31.69 nm for greenly produced CoCr2O4 NPs. Furthermore, CoCr2O4 NPs were applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for the facile and one-step formation of 5-aryl-[1,2,4]-triazolidine-3-thiones. The proposed approach offers several admirable benefits, such as straightforwardness, benign reaction systems, shorter reaction time, facile workup, and excellent yield. Also, the as-prepared nanocatalyst was reused (up to 5 cycles) without reducing the significant catalytic performance. Therefore, the present study discloses that synthesizing CoCr(2)O(4 )NPs by a facile green approach and assessing robust catalytic performance might benefit nanochemistry research, offering new avenues for organic transformations.