Climatology of Large Peak Current Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes in China's Most Populous Areas

Using a 10-year data set of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) flashes, the climatological characteristics of +/- CG flashes with a large peak current (>75 kA or <-75 kA) (+/- LPCCGs) are for the first time obtained in China's most populous areas in terms of density distribution, seasonal variation, and monthly and diurnal evolution. The results show that the distribution of +LPCCG flashes has evident seasonal variations, while the activity center of -LPCCG flashes always remains in Southwest China. The diurnal evolution of +LPCCG flash percentages in southern China's Mainland shows an opposite trend to that in the north. Furthermore, the peak current distributions of +LPCCG flashes in most of China's mainland are found to be distinct from those shown in other regions of the world. Additionally, Southwest China is found to be an important and special area for LPCCG flash activity in China. Not only is it the density center of +/- LPCCG flashes, but the peak current distribution of -LPCCG flashes in this region also shows an evidently different pattern from those in other regions. The diurnal evolution of the -LPCCG/+LPCCG flash frequencies in Southwest China also shows a different pattern from that in other regions.