Zfp281 and Zfp148 control CD4+ T cell thymic development and TH2 functions

How CD4(+) lineage gene expression is initiated in differentiating thymocytes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the paralog transcription factors Zfp281 and Zfp148 control both this process and cytokine expression by T helper cell type 2 (T(H)2) effector cells. Genetic, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic analyses showed that these factors promote the intrathymic CD4(+) T cell differentiation of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II)-restricted thymocytes, including expression of the CD4(+) lineage-committing factor Thpok. In peripheral T cells, Zfp281 and Zfp148 promoted chromatin opening at and expression of T(H)2 cytokine genes but not of the T(H)2 lineage-determining transcription factor Gata3. We found that Zfp281 interacts with Gata3 and is recruited to Gata3 genomic binding sites at loci encoding Thpok and T(H)2 cytokines. Thus, Zfp148 and Zfp281 collaborate with Gata3 to promote CD4(+) T cell development and T(H)2 cell responses.