Analytical study of the effects of dust on photovoltaic module performance in Tehran, capital of Iran

Background: The majority of photovoltaic modules are installed outdoors. The module's performance depends on environmental conditions such as solar radiation and ambient temperature. Additionally, dust accumulation on the surface of the photovoltaic modules also affects their performance. Dust deposition on the surface of the modules reduces irradiance transmittance. Regardless all efforts, dust will settle. The mass density and characteristics of the dust affect how much it affects the performance of photovoltaic modules. Researchers have tried to develop mathematical relation between mass deposition density and how it affects photovoltaic module performance in various locations of the world. Methods: This paper presents a new mathematical way for combining the photovoltaic double-diode model and the previously established mathematical relations. The given model could be utilized to predict the influence of dust on photovoltaic modules performance. The provided model was used to five locations in Tehran, Iran, to examine how dust impacts the performance of a 200 W solar module. Significant findings: The findings suggest that, when dust accumulation is taken into account, the south of Tehran offers better conditions for installing solar modules than other places. Dust accumulation on the photovoltaic module significantly reduces the amount of electricity produced.