Wastewater treatment to improve energy and water nexus with hydrogen fuel production option: Techno-economic and process analysis

The use of fresh water to produce green hydrogen fuel through the water electrolysis process can exacerbate the challenges of water scarcity. Using non-potable water for this purpose can lead to the design of a process with high security, reliability and sustainability. This paper develops the conceptual design and techno-economic evaluation of an innovative hydrogen energy production process from a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) inte-grated with a water treatment and recovery process. Accordingly, purified wastewater and waste heat of flue gases of the power plants have been utilized as feedstocks for the electrolysis process. Two different scenarios were assumed to supply the required thermal energy of the electrolyzer: the first scenario is the use of a preheater based on fossil energies, while in the latter scenario the required thermal energy is supplied through parabolic trough collectors, PTCs,-based solar farm. The integrating fossil fuels-driven power plants with evolving green technologies can mitigate the greenhouse gas emission crisis in addition to reducing the limitations of fossil energies. The outcomes indicated that the Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCH) for the second scenario increases by almost 38.7% compared to the first scenario. The reason for the high value of LCH for the second scenario is the high capital cost of solar collectors. Furthermore, the overall conversion efficiency for the proposed hydrogen production process was calculated as 53.26%. The introduced system can be competitive and reliable from the point of view of saving water consumption. The net potential energy saving and carbon emissions of the process was also determined.