Consumer Perception and Sensory Drivers of Liking of Fortified Oat Milks

Oat milk was fortified with beta-glucan at a level that attains health benefits and protein at a level equivalent to that of cow's milk. This study aimed to identify consumer perceptions and evaluate the sensory attributes of fortified plain and chocolate oat milks. Oat milk consumers (n = 106) evaluated four samples: C (Control), 0Pro (6.25 g/L beta-glucan), LPro (6.25 g/L beta-glucan and 15.23 g/L oat protein), and HPro (6.25 g/L beta-glucan and 30.45 g/L oat protein); and they completed free-word association (FWA), liking ratings, just-about-right (JAR), check-all-that-apply (CATA), and conjoint analysis (CA). Oat milk was associated with sensory descriptors, environmental sustainability, and health benefits. C and 0Pro products were liked significantly more than LPro and HPro. C and 0Pro oat flavors and thicknesses were rated "just about right" by majority of the participants, while LPro and HPro were rated "too much". Positive CATA attributes were "smooth", "fresh", and "oat-like" while negative attributes were "rancid", "sandy", and "grainy". The CA results showed consumer interest in oat milk fortified with oat protein, containing beta-glucan at a level recommended for health benefits, and with protein levels higher than cow's milk. Based on the results, beta-glucan-fortified oat milk is acceptable while oat protein fortification requires reformulation or substitution with another source.