The state of sea surface fluctuation has a very important influence on wave field propagation and model space imaging. In conventional marine seismic data acquisition and processing, the sea surface is treated as a horizontal interface. In the actual acquisition of marine seismic data, due to the influence of wind, waves, ocean currents, etc., the sea surface presents a state of high and low fluctuations, so that the reflected waves from the bottom reflection interface will cause strong scattering of the wave field after being reflected by the seawater fluctuation interface, resulting in the reflection of seismic records. The jitter and distortion of the wave event axis will ultimately affect the imaging effect. In order to have a deeper understanding of the influence of the existence of undulating sea surface on wave field propagation and migration imaging, this paper firstly gives dynamic boundary conditions including wave spectrum information based on the small amplitude wave equation of hydrodynamics, starting from the boundary conditions, and then on this basis constructs the undulating sea surface velocity model. On the constructed model, the wave field propagation characteristics were analyzed by freezing the sea surface at different times, and the wave field propagation law of the undulating sea surface at different freezing times and the impact on reflection seismic records and migration imaging were studied. The research results show that, whether it is a simple layered medium model or a complex seabed model with a large water depth, the fluctuations of different sea surface shapes directly affect the wave field record and the wave field snapshot shape, and at the same time have a large impact on the migration imaging results. As the depth of seawater increases. The impact on the simple model gradually becomes smaller, but for the complex model, the effect is still very serious.
