Caffeic acid recovers ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction without direct effects on excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in mouse hippocampal slices

Caffeic acid is a polyphenolic compound present in a vast array of dietary components. We previously showed that caffeic acid reduces the burden of brain ischemia joining evidence by others that it can attenuate different brain diseases. However, it is unknown if caffeic acid affects information processing in neuronal networks. Thus, we now used electrophysiological recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to test if caffeic acid directly affected synaptic transmission, plasticity and dysfunction caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro ischemia model. Caffeic acid (1-10 mu M) was devoid of effect on synaptic transmission and paired-pulse facili-tation in Schaffer collaterals-CA1 pyramidal synapses. Also, the magnitude of either hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) or the subsequent depotentiation were not significantly modified by 10 mu M caffeic acid. However, caffeic acid (10 mu M) increased the recovery of synaptic transmission upon re-oxygenation following 7 min of OGD. Furthermore, caffeic acid (10 mu M) also recovered plasticity after OGD, as heralded by the increased magnitude of LTP after exposure. These findings show that caffeic acid does not directly affect synaptic trans-mission and plasticity but can indirectly affect other cellular targets to correct synaptic dysfunction. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of action of caffeic acid may allow the design of hitherto unrecognized novel neu-roprotective strategies.