Perceptions of community pharmacists regarding their role in antimicrobial stewardship in Pakistan: A way forward

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest challenges to healthcare resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, and associated with drug resistant infections. Community pharmacists (CPs) can play a key role in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs to aid the prudent use of antibiotics, and in infection prevention and control.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess perceptions of CPs regarding their role, awareness, collaboration, facilitators and barriers towards effective AMS practices in Pakistan.Method: ology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was adopted, where convenience and snowball sampling methods were applied to enroll respondents (pharmacists working at these community pharmacies in different cities of Pakistan) of the study. After sample size determi-nation, n = 386 CPs were enrolled. A pre-validated questionnaire was used regarding CPs roles and perceptions in association with AMS. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 21.Results: The results of the study reported that 57.3% (n = 221) of CPs had strong familiarity with term AMS. 52.1% (n = 201) of CPs agreed that they require adequate training to undertake ac-tivities in AMS programmes in their setting. The results of the study showed that 92.7% (n = 358) of the pharmacists thought real time feedback would be helpful. Significant association was observed in AMS awareness, approach, collaboration and barriers with regards to the re-spondents' gender, age groups and levels of experience in a community pharmacy.Conclusions: The study concluded that CPs were aware of AMS programmes, their relevance and necessity of AMS in their everyday practice, but had inadequate training and resources to implement it in Pakistan.