A Narrative Review on Strategies for the Reversion of Prediabetes to Normoglycemia: Food Pyramid, Physical Activity, and Self-Monitoring Innovative Glucose Devices

被引:0
|
作者
Rondanelli, Mariangela [1 ]
Barrile, Gaetan Claude [1 ]
Cavioni, Alessandro [1 ]
Donati, Paolo [2 ]
Genovese, Elisa [1 ]
Mansueto, Francesca [1 ]
Mazzola, Giuseppe [1 ]
Patelli, Zaira [1 ]
Pirola, Martina [1 ]
Razza, Claudia [1 ]
Russano, Stefano [2 ]
Sivieri, Claudia [1 ]
Tartara, Alice [1 ]
Valentini, Eugenio Marzio [1 ]
Perna, Simone [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Pavia, Dept Publ Hlth Expt & Forens Med, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
[2] AICUBE Srl, I-20090 Trezzano Naviglio, Italy
[3] Univ Milan, Dept Food Environm & Nutr Sci, Div Human Nutr, I-20133 Milan, Italy
关键词
prediabetes; impaired fasting glycemia; food pyramid; glucose monitoring system; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; TYPE-2; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; DAIRY PRODUCT CONSUMPTION; RED MEAT CONSUMPTION; VIRGIN OLIVE OIL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CARDIAC REHABILITATION;
D O I
10.3390/nu15234943
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
In 2019, "Nutrition Therapy for Adults with Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report" was published. This consensus report, however, did not provide an easy way to illustrate to subjects with prediabetes (SwPs) how to follow a correct dietary approach. The purpose of this review is to evaluate current evidence on optimum dietary treatment of SwPs and to provide a food pyramid for this population. The pyramid built shows that everyday consumption should consist of: whole-grain bread or potatoes eaten with their skins (for fiber and magnesium) and low glycemic index carbohydrates (GI < 55%) (three portions); fruit and vegetables (5 portions), in particular, green leafy vegetables (for fiber, magnesium, and polyphenols); EVO oil (almost 8 g); nuts (30 g, in particular, pistachios and almonds); three portions of dairy products (milk/yogurt: 300-400 g/day); mineral water (almost 1, 5 L/day for calcium intake); one glass of wine (125 mL); and three cups of coffee. Weekly portions should include fish (four portions), white meat (two portions), protein plant-based food (four portions), eggs (egg portions), and red/processed meats (once/week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: a green one means that SwPs need some personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be satisfied through diet, vitamin D, omega-3, and vitamin B supplements), and a red one means there are some foods and factors that are banned (simple sugar, refined carbohydrates, and a sedentary lifestyle). Three to four times a week of aerobic and resistance exercises must be performed for 30-40 min. Finally, self-monitoring innovative salivary glucose devices could contribute to the reversion of prediabetes to normoglycemia.
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页数:121
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