Toward 4-D Imaging of On-the-Move Object at 2500 Volumetric Frames per Second by Software-Defined Millimeter-Wave MIMO With Compressive Reflector Antenna

Conventional millimeter-wave (mm-wave) security screening systems with synthetic or phased arrays require either mechanical or electronic scans which are slow, thus not capable to image on-the-move objects. This article presents the 4-D imaging of on-the-move objects (1-D velocity and 3-D profile) by leveraging cost-effective compressive reflector antennas (CRAs) and software-defined mm-wave (SDMMW) multiple-in multiple out (MIMO) arrays. The CRA creates spatial aperture coding to achieve informative measurements and high sensing capacity. The SDMMW MIMO array generates fast space-time-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) for quick data collection and simultaneous MIMO operation. The signal model using the CRAs fed by the SDMMW MIMO arrays in a multistatic configuration is derived, followed by the sensing-matrix based imaging theory. Then, a proof-of-concept imaging system is designed with a made-in-lab CRA and a modularized 8-by-8 SDMMW array where the fast FMCW modulation achieves a linearized frequency sweep of 5.02 GHz per 50 mu s, corresponding to a high data acquisition rate of 2500 volumetric frames/s and an unambiguous velocity of +/- 2.23 m/s. Both simulations and experiments have shown good imaging performance of on-the move objects, giving great potential for developing future costeffective high-throughput mm-wave security screening systems.