Comparison of halitosis according to herbal mouthwash containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract and saline mouthwash: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to determine the effect on halitosis and the antibacterial effect against halitosis-causing bacteria of the mouthwash made of the natural material, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) extract.Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 60 patients who visited M dental clinic located in Busan, South Korea, excluding those with systemic disease that may induce halitosis. There were 30 patients classified to the saline gargle group and the remaining 30 patients were classified to the G. uralensis extract gargle group. In addition, their level of halitosis and halitosis-causing bacteria were measured. They visited the dental clinic on a fasted state at baseline before gargle application (Baseline), immediately after gargle application (Treatment) and 5 days after gargle application (After 5 Days). For clinical indicators, participants were tested for halitosis and bacteria immediately after waking up without brushing their teeth and without hydration.Results: The prevalence of halitosis decreased in the G. uralensis extract gargle group compared to the saline gargle group at Treatment and After 5 Days. In cases with pseudo halitosis, there was a significant decrease in halitosis-causing bacteria when G. uralensis extract gargle was applied (p < 0.05).Conclusions: It was identified that using a mouthwash made with G. uralensis extract is effective for halitosis improvement and reduction of halitosis-causing bacteria. Therefore, using a mouthwash containing G. uralensis extract, it will be effective in improving bad breath and oral hygiene will be possible.