The Current State of Implantable Tibial Nerve Stimulation Therapy

Purpose of ReviewOveractive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition affecting 23% of the population in the USA. There are several options for third-line therapies (intradetrusoronabotulinumtoxinA injections, sacral (S3) nerve stimulation, and posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS)), each with its own strengths and weaknesses.Recent FindingsImplantable tibial nerve stimulators (ITNS) are a new type of device based on PTNSprinciples; however, ITNS may carry several advantages over previous therapeutic modalities. Typically, ITNS is an office-based procedure obviating the need for general anesthesia or sedation. There is no need for frequent office visits or repeat procedures (as with intradetrusoronabotulinumtoxinA injections) once these devices are implanted.SummaryITNS stimulators have enabled a much more flexible system of administering and managing tibial nerve stimulation. Not only does ITNS offer convenience, but it offers the ability to manipulate the frequency, length, and strength of stimulation sessions. This review describes the current available devices, published clinical data, and ongoing clinical trials for future devices.