Wicked Problems, Novel Solutions: Nepalese Elephant Tourism and Conservation

Simple Summary The conservation of endangered Asian elephants (especially when driven by those from non-range countries) is made more complex in cultures where 'owning' individuals for tourism practice is widely accepted. How can a wide variety of stakeholders find common ground upon which to build conservation plans amidst shifting social and environmental pressures?Abstract Endangered Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) find themselves at the center of debates involving politics, land use, human-wildlife conflict, and environmental justice. The intensity of such debates has led scholars to label conservation challenges as wicked problems with profound implications on local and global practice. In elephant range states such as Nepal, these debates are made more complex through human 'ownership' of endangered individuals for use in tourism, worship, or co-work. Human perspectives on the ethics of using animals for tourism are changing, even in areas heavily reliant on the tourism industry for survival. These debates become inflamed when non-residents take on adversarial positions despite an acceptance of the 'ownership' or 'use' of endangered individuals among local communities. Novel approaches are needed if there is any hope of establishing a common ground upon which to build relationships which may benefit community members, international interests, and endangered individuals.