Optimization of extraction parameters of bioactive components from Moringa oleifera leaves using Taguchi method

Extraction of phytochemical constituents in Moringa oleifera leaves of the Moringaceae family was experimented and optimized based on the process parameters. Extraction parameters such as leaves-to-solvent ratio, nature of leaves, and extraction methods were experimentally identified to influence the yield of extract, and their significance was further investigated using the Taguchi method. Water was used as the solvent for the extraction processes involving methods such as maceration, decoction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The Taguchi analysis of the experimental data showed that microwave-assisted extraction is better than the other two extraction processes. Additionally, dry powdered leaves at a ratio of 1:10 during microwave-assisted extraction were identified as the optimal condition for extraction, which yielded 28.94% extract by experimental validation. The ANOVA analysis revealed leaves-to-solvent ratio and nature of leaves as the most significant parameter influencing the extraction process. Taguchi's approach was successfully validated and further used to develop a Linear Regression Model giving a percentage yield equation in terms of the process parameters. FTIR spectroscopy was performed to characterize the functional groups corresponding to various polyphenol constituents present in the extract. The synthesized extract could be used for biomedical applications as a potential antimicrobial agent upon validation of their biological characteristics.