Motivational interviewing interventions aiming to improve health behaviors among cancer survivors: a systematic scoping review

Purpose The scoping review aimed to map out the literature on the utilization of motivational interviewing (MI) to improve health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, nutrition) in adult cancer survivors. Methods This scoping review was conducted following the methods and protocol outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute Methods Manual. Five databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, were searched in February 2022 to identify MI interventions to improve health behaviors among cancer survivors. Results The review included 22 interventions mostly designed to optimize exercise/physical activity (50%). The number of sessions ranged from 2 to 19, and most MI sessions were offered via telephone calls combined with face-to-face sessions (31.8%). Of the interventions, 81.8% improved at least one outcome measurement. Most studies used principles of MI such as empathy expression, developing discrepancy, roll with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy. Conclusion The use of MI appears to have the potential to improve health behaviors in various settings for individuals on different cancer care trajectories. Implications for Cancer Survivors Healthcare providers can use MI to support physical activity and a healthy diet. Future research should focus on providing evidence on the utilization of MI with minimum standards and longitudinal outcome assessment for developing and maintaining sustainable healthy behaviors.