Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols for Improving Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Major Colorectal Surgery

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have gained recognition as a perioperative care approach for patients undergoing major colorectal surgery. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of ERAS protocols on outcomes in this patient population. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for studies published between January 2010 and September 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies assessing the impact of ERAS protocols on patients undergoing major colorectal surgery. Data were extracted, and a qualitative synthesis of the included studies was performed. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. The implementation of ERAS protocols was associated with several positive outcomes. Compared to traditional care, ERAS protocols significantly reduced the length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD]:-1.64 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]:-2.21 to 1.08, p<0.00001), postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR]: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.71, p<0.00001), and readmission rates (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.85, p=0.006). ERAS protocols also led to a shorter time to return of bowel function (MD:-0.74 days, 95% CI:-1.03 to-0.45, p<0.00001), time to first mobilization (MD:-0.55 days, 95% CI:-0.82 to-0.28, p<0.0001), and time to first oral intake (MD:-0.62 days, 95% CI:-0.95 to 0.28, p=0.0003). Additionally, patients reported higher satisfaction levels with the implementation of ERAS protocols (MD: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.86, p=0.02). This systematic review demonstrates that the implementation of ERAS protocols in major colorectal surgery is associated with improved outcomes. ERAS protocols lead to reduced hospital stays, lower postoperative complications, and decreased readmission rates. Furthermore, they facilitate faster recovery of bowel function, mobilization, and oral intake. Patients also express higher satisfaction levels with ERAS implementation. Healthcare providers should consider adopting ERAS protocols to optimize perioperative care in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery.