Economic and Optimal Dispatch Model of Electricity, Heat and Gas for Virtual Power Plants in Parks Considering Low Carbon Targets

To promote the consumption and development of new and green energy sources, we propose an economically optimal dispatch model to simulate virtual power plants (VPPs) in parks considering low-carbon objectives based on a dual -carbon background. First, individual models involved in the optimal dispatch of VPPs are introduced. A two-stage operation process of electricity-to-hydrogen transformation and hydrogen methanation of power-to-gas equipment is refined and analysed. Unstable wind power is converted into hydrogen and supplied to the hydrogen load during the electrolysis of the water-to -hydrogen stage in conjunction with the development of hydrogen energy demands. Second, to minimise the sum of operating and carbon emission costs, an optimal dispatch model utilised by the virtual power plant considering a low-carbon objective is established. A simulation of the calculation case shows that the proposed model can achieve efficient energy utilisation and improved economic and carbon costs for a VPP in the park. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the system cost is conducted by adding weighting coefficients; the optimal range of weighting coefficients for the VPP in the park proposed in this paper are derived for reference by considering economic benefits and environmental protection.