Identification of fractional-order equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion battery for improving estimation of state of charge

Accurate estimation of State of Charge (SOC) based on equivalent circuit model (ECM) of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an important research topic. Recent research has found that fractional-order model (FOM), as one kind of equivalent circuit model, can provide a better description of LIBs dynamics than the conventional integerorder ECMs. However, it is difficult to directly identify an FOM online. In this paper, a synergy of Beetle Antennae Search and Recursive Least Squares (BAS-RLS) is proposed to identify the parameters of an FOM for LIBs. Specifically, the BAS is adopted to determine the fractional order, while the remaining parameters of FOM are estimated via the well-established RLS algorithm. A comparison study will demonstrate that this method offers a similar modeling accuracy as the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the online estimated model is more accurate than offline estimated models. Based on the identified FOM, this article then explores the battery SOC estimation from two aspects: initial value effect of the SOC and the comparison of multiple estimation algorithms, thus verifying the advantage of the proposed method for LIBs modeling and SOC estimation.