Construction 3D printing: a critical review and future research directions

This study reviews the essential aspects of implementing Additive Manufacturing in the construction sector by highlighting the key benefits and challenges. A comparative review allows identifying the leading technologies and prospects that have been utilized in this particular area. In recent years, research into the application of 3D printing in the building industry has increased significantly worldwide. Moreover, various systems and robotic arms have been investigated to enhance buildings' productivity. Even though there are various manufacturing methods, this article reviewed current material extrusion technologies widely used in this field. The article critically evaluates the materials used in printed structures, polymer, and cementing. The problems of reducing carbon dioxide emissions through the introduction of geopolymers are also considered. The paper focuses on four areas or directions or dimensions. First, the central concept and classifications of AM and the crucial advantages of utilizing its technologies in the construction sector are discussed. Second, material extrusion techniques and their types, including cementitious and polymer materials and large-scale 3D printing technologies are examined. Third, the ways of reducing negative impacts on the building industry by implementing geopolymers and their current development are described. Fourth, the crucial challenges of using 3D printing approaches and their future direction should be focused on are put forward. Moreover, this article provides lists of companies that produce modern 3D printers from all over the world.