Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of flaxseed oil liposomes coated with chitosan and pea protein isolate hydrolysates

The effect of layer-by-layer coating of liposomes with chitosan and pea protein isolate hydrolysates (PPIH) was evaluated. Traditional flaxseed oil liposomes (FL Lipo) were used as a model for comparison to liposomes coated with chitosan and PPIH (FL Lipo-C-P). The potential of PPIH as a coating material was evaluated. Additionally, the influence of chitosan and PPIH on vesicle size and zeta potential of liposomes was investigated. The chitosan layer of liposomes exhibited a loose structure. After the second layer of coating with PPIH, chitosan molecules were rearranged on the liposome surface, leading to a more compact and dense shell structure of liposomes. Electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions favored the stability of FL Lipo-C-P. Compared to FL Lipo, FL Lipo-C-P displayed higher oxidation stability during storage and a slower release of flaxseed oil during in vitro digestion.