Design of a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against endometrial cancer using immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approaches

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system. Multi-epitope vaccine may be a promising and effective strategy against EC. In this study, we designed a novel multi-epitope vaccine based on the antigenic proteins PRAME and TMPRSS4 using immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approaches. After a rigorous selection process, 14 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, 6 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, and 8 B cell epitopes (BCEs) were finally selected for vaccine construction. To enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate, the pan HLA DR-binding epitope was included in the vaccine design as an adjuvant. The final vaccine construct had 455 amino acids and a molecular weight of 49.8 kDa, and was predicted to cover 95.03% of the total world population. Docking analysis showed that there were 10 hydrogen bonds and 19 hydrogen bonds in the vaccine-HLA-A*02:01 and vaccine-HLA-DRB1*01:01 complexes, respectively, indicating that the vaccine has a good affinity to MHC molecules. This was further supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Immune simulation showed that the designed vaccine was able to induce higher levels of immune cell activity, with the secretion of numerous cytokines. The codon adaptation index (CAI) value and GC content of the optimised codon sequences of the vaccine were 0.986 and 54.43%, respectively, indicating that the vaccine has the potential to be highly expressed. The in silico analysis suggested that the designed vaccine may provide a novel therapeutic option for the individualised treatment of EC patients in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma