γ′′ Phase transformation, precipitation hardening, hetero-deformation induced hardening and deformation mechanisms in a Nb-alloyed medium-entropy alloy

In present work, a novel gamma ''-strengthened Nb-alloyed medium-entropy alloy (MEA) was successfully fabricated and systematically investigated. Our results evidence that the gamma '' phase brings out significant precipitation hardening effect (similar to 10.2 %volume fraction contributes similar to 685 MPa strength enhancement). The metastable gamma '' phase could abnormally transform to epsilon phase, and the morphology and distribution of e phase shows great impacts on mechanical properties. A hetero-lamellae grain coupling with dual precipitation (HLG + dual-P) structure was successfully constructed in this Nb-alloyed MEA, which could effectively combine precipitation hardening and hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening effects. Deformation characters investigations reveals that the absence of mechanical twinning in gamma ''-strength ened MEA originates from the improved critical twinning stress related to the fine dislocation source size and the difficulty of high-energy complex SFs reordering. The combination of massive stacking-faults, Lomer-Cottrell locks and dynamically reinforced HDI hardening contribute to the excellent ductility and work-hardening capacity at high-level strength in the HLG + dual-P structural alloy. Our work provides a useful insight and helpful guidance for developing high-performance precipitation-hardened multi-principal element alloys. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).