Analysing the Influence of Cultural Distance and Language Barriers on Academic Performance among International Students in Higher Education Institutions

This study investigates the intricate dynamics faced by international students in higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia, specifically examining the consequential impacts of cultural and language barriers on academic performance. Cultural distance, language barriers, and social adjustment are analysed for their influence on academic outcomes, with a focus on understanding the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating impact of cultural intelligence. Methodologically, data from 220 students were meticulously collected through surveys, and quantitative analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed. The results indicate that language barriers significantly affect academic performance, while social adjustment and cultural distance show insignificant effects on academic outcomes. The study further highlights the pivotal role of self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between language barriers, cultural distance, and academic performance. Interestingly, the mediation is found to be insignificant in the association between social adjustment and academic performance. Additionally, the research identifies the significant moderating impact of cultural intelligence in this complex interplay. The study not only contributes theoretically to understanding cultural factors impacting international students' academic performance but also provides practical implications for educational practitioners and policymakers, suggesting potential interventions to enhance the academic experiences of international students in the Saudi Arabian higher education landscape.