FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Lemongrass oil, chamomile oils, citronella oil and related flavoring ingredients

被引：8

作者：

Rosol, Thomas J. ^{[1
]}

Cohen, Samuel M. ^{[2
]}

Eisenbrand, Gerhard ^{[3
]}

Fukushima, Shoji ^{[4
]}

Gooderham, Nigel J. ^{[5
]}

Guengerich, F. Peter ^{[6
]}

Hecht, Stephen S. ^{[7
,8
]}

Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M. ^{[9
]}

Davidsen, Jeanne M. ^{[10
]}

Harman, Christie L. ^{[10
]}

Kelly, Shannen ^{[10
]}

Ramanan, Danarubini ^{[10
]}

Taylor, Sean V. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Ohio Univ, Heritage Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 1 Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA

[2] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Oncol, 983135 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA

[3] Univ Kaiserslautern, Kuhler Grund 48-1, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany

[4] Japan Bioassay Res Ctr, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa 2570015, Japan

[5] Imperial Coll London, Dept Metab Digest Reprod, Sir Alexander Fleming Bldg, London SW7 2AZ, England

[6] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA

[7] Masonic Canc Ctr, Canc Prevent, Canc & Cardiovasc Res Bldg,2231 6th St,SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[8] Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Canc & Cardiovasc Res Bldg,2231 6th St,SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[9] Wageningen Univ, Div Toxicol, Toxicol, Stippeneng 4, NL-6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands

[10] Flavor & Extract Manufacturers Assoc, 1101 17th St,NW,Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036 USA

[11] FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th St,NW,Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036 USA

来源：

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY | 2023年 / 175卷

关键词：

Essential oils; Absolutes and extracts; Primary alcohol; aldehyde; Acid and ester constituents; Natural Flavor Complex; GRAS; Safety evaluation; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ALKENYLBENZENES; FOOD-ADDITIVES AMENDMENT; POST-LABELING ANALYSIS; DNA-ADDUCTS; CYMBOPOGON-CITRATUS; SAFETY EVALUATION; RECENT PROGRESS; SUBSTANCES; TOXICITY; MOUSE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.fct.2023.113697

中图分类号：

TS2 [食品工业];

学科分类号：

0832 ;

摘要：

In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, eleventh in the series, evaluates the safety of NFCs characterized by primary alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ester and lactone constituents derived from terpenoid biosynthetic pathways and/or lipid metabolism. The scientific-based evaluation procedure published in 2005 and updated in 2018 that relies on a complete constituent characterization of the NFC and organization of the constituents into congeneric groups. The safety of the NFCs is evaluated using the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept in addition to data on estimated intake, metabolism and toxicology of members of the congeneric groups and for the NFC under evaluation. The scope of the safety evaluation does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Twenty-three NFCs, derived from the Hibiscus, Melissa, Ricinus, Anthemis, Matricaria, Cymbopogon, Saussurea, Spartium, Pelargonium, Levisticum, Rosa, Santalum, Viola, Cryptocarya and Litsea genera were affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.

引用

页数：30

共 16 条

[1] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Sage oil, Orris Root Extract and Tagetes Oil and related flavoring ingredients
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
Kelly, Shannen E.
V. Taylor, Sean
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2023, 179
[2] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Origanum oil, thyme oil and related phenol derivative-containing flavoring ingredients
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
Lu, Vivian
Taylor, Sean, V
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2021, 155
[3] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Eucalyptus oil and other cyclic ether-containing flavoring ingredients
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Cohen, Samuel M.
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
Taylor, Sean, V
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2021, 155
[4] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Citrus-derived flavoring ingredients
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Bastaki, Maria
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
McGowen, Margaret
Taylor, Sean V.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2019, 124 : 192 - 218
[5] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Cinnamomum and Myroxylon-derived flavoring ingredients
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
Murray, Ian J.
Taylor, Sean, V
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2020, 135
[6] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Allspice, anise, fennel-derived and related flavoring ingredients
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
Taylor, Sean V.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2023, 174
[7] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Lavender, Guaiac Coriander-derived and related flavoring ingredients
Fukushima, Shoji
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
Lu, Vivian
Taylor, Sean, V
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2020, 145
[8] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Asafetida oil, garlic oil and onion oil
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Harman, Christie L.
Ramanan, Danarubini
Taylor, Sean, V
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2023, 173
[9] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Mint, buchu, dill and caraway derived flavoring ingredients
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Bastaki, Maria
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Harman, Christie L.
McGowen, Margaret M.
Taylor, Sean, V
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2020, 135
[10] FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Asafetida oil, garlic oil and onion oil Reply
Davidsen, Jeanne M.
Cohen, Samuel M.
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J.
Guengerich, F. Peter
Hecht, Stephen S.
Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.
Rosol, Thomas J.
Harman, Christie L.
Ramanan, Danarubini
Taylor, Sean V.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2023, 182

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