On the Hole Argument and the Physical Interpretation of General Relativity

Einstein presented the Hole Argument against General Covariance, understood as invariance with respect to a change in coordinates, as a consequence of his initial failure to obtain covariant equations that, in the weak static limit, contain Newton's law. Fortunately, about two years later, Einstein returned to General Covariance, and found these famous equations of gravity. However, the rejection of his Hole Argument carries a totally different vision of space-time. Its substantivalism notion, which is an essential ingredient in Newtonian theory and also in his special theory of relativity, has to be replaced, following Descartes and Leibniz's relationalism, by a set of "point-coincidences".