Efficiency Assessment of Transit-Oriented Development Focusing on the 500-m Core Catchment of Metro Stations Based on the Concept of a Metro Microcenter in Beijing

Faced with the urban sprawl and the increasingly serious urban traffic problems caused by the sustained and rapid economic growth and fast development of urbanization, advocating the development of metro-led cities and intensive and compact development to form a green, transportation-oriented built environment has become a national strategic need. In order to promote the integrated development of stations and the city, and further enhance the vitality of the city, the concept of metro microcenter transportation was brought up in Beijing. A metro microcenter is a geographical space with full integration and interaction with metro stations, high accessibility, high degree of intensive land use, and multiple urban functions. Considering the characteristics of metro microcenters, the mechanism between passenger flow and the built environment in the general control and management area of a metro microcenter is worth studying. However, few previous studies have systematically and comprehensively carried out theoretical and empirical research on the relationship between the built environment and multimodal public transport passenger flow characteristics around metro station catchments. Based on the 500-m metro core station catchment, this study introduced the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, and a highly efficient and refined public travel efficiency assessment model (Bootstrap-Super-DEA) was proposed to evaluate the transit-oriented development (TOD) level of the existing metro core station catchment. Metro station passenger flow, bus station passenger flow, and shared-bicycle passenger flow were selected as output variables of this model. Network centrality, functional mix, and other building environment indicators were selected as input variables of this model. In addition, the derived indicators of passenger flow were extracted to reveal the relationship with efficiency from the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. The model effectively distinguishes the distribution of metro core station catchments with efficient TOD. The study results can provide a reference for metro microcenter planning managers to grasp the core station catchment's development tone accurately.