Evolution of Tourism Risk Communication: A Bibliometric Analysis and Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents of Communicating Risk to Tourists

As tourism risk communication has transitioned from an emerging theme to a growing field of research, it is essential to review existing studies to identify developments in it. Nevertheless, there is a lack of extensive research employing both bibliometric and meta-analysis of tourism risk communication, specifically on communicating risk to tourists. To fill this gap, first, we applied bibliometric analysis techniques to identify emerging research clusters by collecting 236 articles from 1985.1.1 to 2023.6.1. Second, to implement the meta-analysis, we selected the empirical results from the collected articles. Then, five studies were used as a series of different structures required for implementing meta-analysis. Through our research, the main results show that (1) emerging research clusters mainly focus on: (i) "risk communication", "crisis communication", and "tourism crisis", (ii) "risk perception", (iii) "health service", "health education", "health behavior", "environmental health", and "public health". (2) Papers aiming at data analysis or modeling are of great value to advance research in the field of tourism risk communication. (3) Tourism risk communication assessments reported by different public agencies are sensitive to factors such as gender, nationality, the experiences of tourists, local tourism boards, local governments, organizational resource allocation, and report evaluation. Based on this, we contribute to knowledge on tourism risk management by discussing the challenges of the present studies and, more significantly, by identifying seven antecedents and future research directions of risk communication strategy. Finally, this paper draws implications for theory development, acknowledges the limitations of this research, and indicates further research directions.