Preparation and Application of Functional Polymer-Based Electromagnetic Shielding Materials

With the rapid development of high-power electronic equipment and electronic communication technology such as the emerging 5G mobile network communication technology, the development of high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding materials has become a desideratum. Polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials (PEMSM) have been widely applied due to their advantages of lightweight, machinability, and adjustable conductivity. The increasingly complex application environment and operating conditions put forward higher requirements for the functionality of PEMSM. This paper firstly discusses the key concepts and loss mechanism of electromagnetic shielding (reflection, absorption, and multiple reflections), and then summarizes the current structural design of electromagnetic shielding composites including homogeneous structure, segregation structure, porous structure, and layered structure. The process of homogeneous structure is simple, and segregation structure can reduce the conductivity percolation threshold of materials. The porous structure is helpful for electromagnetic waves reflection and absorption, and the layered structure can make electromagnetic wave reflect inside the material many times. The research progress of PEMSM with the functions such as durability, superhydrophobicity, antibacterial property, Joule heating property, etc. is introduced in detail. Finally, the development of PEMSM is prospected.