Integrating food provisioning ecosystem services and foodshed relocalisation targets with edible green infrastructure planning. A case study from Lisbon city region

Landscape changes and agricultural land take affect the spatial pattern of ecosystem services (ES) provision in city regions. The relevance of these areas for Green Infrastructure has recently received increasing interest as sources for local food supply and for functionally connecting urban and rural areas. The main objective of this study is to propose an Edible Green Infrastructure (EGI) at landscape level, in the peri-urban and rural contexts, and to analyse food system relocalisation in the Lisbon city region. This paper examines land cover flows (LCF), performs the EGI mapping and landscape planning and assesses food provisioning ES supply, budgets, footprint, and the loss of land biocapacity due to land take. The global ES budget achieved for the potential foodshed is about 82% of food provisioning demand, with 68% of the food provisioning footprint (FPF) located in the Green Infrastructure. The loss of land biocapacity for the period 2000-2018 due to land take is per year equal to the area needed for the FPF of 1.23% of the region's population. Results are of use to support the integration of food system planning into spatial planning, and the adoption of specific policies that aim to develop city region food systems.