Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis following coronavirus disease 2019 messenger RNA VaccinationdA nationwide study

Background: An extended interval between the two primary doses may reduce the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Taiwan has implemented a two-dose regimen with a 12-week interval for adolescents. Here we present nationwide data of myocarditis/pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccinations.Methods: Data on adverse events of myocarditis/pericarditis were from the Taiwan Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System between March 22, 2021, and February 9, 2022. The reporting rates according to sex, age, and vaccine type were calculated. We investigated the rates among young individuals under different two-dose intervals and among those who received two doses of different vaccines.Results: Among 204 cases who met the case definition of myocarditis/pericarditis, 75 cases occurred after the first dose and 129 after the second. The rate of myocarditis/pericarditis af- ter COVID-19 vaccination varied across sex and age groups and was highest after the second dose in males aged 12e17 years (126.79 cases per million vaccinees) for the BNT162b2 vaccine and in males aged 18-24 years (93.84 cases per million vaccinees) for the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The data did not suggest an association between longer between-dose interval and lower rate of myocarditis/pericarditis among males and females aged 18-24 or 25-29 years who received two doses of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. Rates of myocarditis/pericarditis in males and females aged 18-49 years after receiving ChAdOx1-S - mRNA-1273 vaccination was signif- icantly higher than after ChAdOx1-S - ChAdOx1-S vaccination.Conclusions: Myocarditis and pericarditis are rare following mRNA vaccination, with higher risk occurring in young males after the second dose.Copyright & COPY; 2023, Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/).