Alternative proteins as fish meal substitution in diets for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): a mini review

Aquaculture has been challenged to explore alternative proteins to develop efficient feed formulations that foster a sustainable future growth. Largemouth bass (LMB) are economically important cultured fish with a high demand for protein. One of the traditional ingredients used to develop protein diets is fish meal (FM). With the aquaculture industry expanding, the FM price climbs with broadening the imbalance between the supply and requirement. Hence, there is a requisite to explore novel alternative proteins sources. In this review, we summarised recent knowledge about the alternative sources of proteins with potential to partially or fully substitute FM in LMB feed and the shortcomings of present alternative proteins. We also highlight the challenges faced for LMB feed in the substitution of FM with alternative proteins, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.