Trapping Hydrogen Molecules between Perfect Graphene

There is a lack of deep understanding of hydrogen intercalationinto graphite due to many challenges faced during characterizationof the systems. Therefore, a suitable route to trap isolated hydrogenmolecules (H-2) between the perfect graphite lattices needsto be found. Here we realize the formation of hydrogen bubbles ingraphite with controllable density, size, and layer number. We findthat the molecular H-2 cannot be diffused between nor escapefrom the defect-free graphene lattices, and it remains stable in thepressurized bubbles up to 400 & DEG;C. The internal pressure of H-2 inside the bubbles is strongly temperature dependent, andit decreases as the temperature rises. The proton permeation ratecan be estimated at a specific plasma power. The producing methodof H-2 bubbles offers a useful way for storing hydrogenin layered materials, and these materials provide a prospective researchplatform for studying nontrivial quantum effects in confined H-2.