Positive Energy Buildings and Districts beyond the NZEB paradigm: towards a whole-life approach

This paper focuses on the research topic and application of Positive Energy Buildings (PEBs) and Districts (PEDs), and explores the state-of-the-art in the use of LCA analyses on energy impact and CO 2eq emissions. An analysis of the scientific literature and existing programmes, standards and regulations is carried out to understand the evolution of the debate on PEBs and PEDs and their implementation. This analysis allows to better define the scope of applicability and assessment of PEBs/PEDs through the lens of the Life Cycle Assessment to extend its definition beyond the sole usage phase. The study also highlights the main gaps and the aspects to be encouraged to promote their diffusion.