Effects of nano-additives and ammonia on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with Aleurites moluccanus

In this research, ammonia fuel, combined with nanoparticles, was incorporatedinto biodiesel blends with the primary goal of improving engine performance along with simultaneous reduction of carbon emissions. A series of tests were conducted using a single -cylinder diesel engine with various proportions of biodiesel and ammonia flow rates. Specific biodiesel blends, namely B20N and B30N, consistently exhibited remarkable improvements in brake thermal efficiency. Notably, at a 25 % load condition, these blends achieved exceptional BTE values of 15.4 % and 15.1 %, surpassing not only other biodiesel blends but also conventional diesel fuel. However, despite these impressive BTE gains, B30 recorded the highest brake specific fuel consumption at 0.56 kg/kW.hr, exceeding all other blend types. Nevertheless, the slightly higher BSFC values observed in biodiesel blends suggest the potential of ammonia and nanoparticles to enhance fuel efficiency. As engine load increased from 25 % to 100 %, the exhaust gas temperature values for biodiesel blends consistently displayed an upward trajectory. Among the various fuel blends, B30 and B30N biodiesel blends exhibited the highest EGT values, indicating their capability to generate the highest combustion temperatures. Moreover, significant reductions in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were observed for the blends as the concentration of biodiesel blends increased. This decrease in emissions is particularly noteworthy, with B20 and B30 blends showcasing substantial reductions of 8.3 % and 9.1 %, respectively, at a 75 % load condition. Additionally, a marginal decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions was observed for blend B20NA. In summary, the study's findings strongly suggest that the inclusion of ammonia and nanoparticles, especially in blends like B20NA and B30NA, holds substantial promise for enhancing engine efficiency while simultaneously reducing emissions. This positions them as environmentally -friendly alternatives for internal combustion engines.