A Novel Phase Mode Antenna With Triport and Its Application in a 1-D Generalized Phased Array to 2-D Scanning

A novel triport phase mode antenna is proposed for wide-angle and polarization scanning, along with a 1-D linear generalized phased array (LGPA) for 2-D space (xo z, yo z, and xoy planes) scanning and polarization scanning. To produce continuous beam scanning characteristics, the phase difference ( $\Delta \varphi $ ) between the feed ports can be adjusted from 0 degrees to 180 degrees, which can generate different operating states of the odd mode, even mode, and hybrid modes. It is worth noting that each feed port can work independently, and any two or all feed ports can be combined to produce new beams. When the linear array is expanded based on the phase mode antenna and combined with the improved generalized principle of pattern multiplication (GPPM), it can realize continuous wide-angle scanning, 2-D scanning, and polarization scanning. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed phase mode antenna achieves continuous wide-angle and polarization scanning performances, and the proposed 1-D LGPA realizes wide-angle scanning, 2-D scanning, and polarization scanning. This illustrates that the introduction of triport provides greater freedom for 1-D linear array scanning and offers an effective solution for the miniaturization of phased arrays and the design of multidimensional spatial scanning.