Low carbon optimal operation of integrated energy systems considering air pollution emissions

To reduce carbon, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from the integrated energy system (IES), a low carbon optimization strategy for the IES is proposed, taking into account carbon, SO2 and NOX emissions. Firstly, hydrogen production, storage and use equipment such as methane reactor, electrolysis tank, hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen energy storage are added to the traditional IES to build a multi-energy complementary system of electricity, gas, cooling, thermal and hydrogen. Then this paper introduces a stepped carbon trading mechanism and the model of the emissions of SO2 and NOX. Finally, to further reduce its pollutant emissions, the model of combined heat and power units and hydrogen fuel cells with adjustable thermoelectric ratio is built. To compare and account for the impact of air pollutant emissions on the optimal low-carbon operation of IES, this paper construsted three scenarios, with the lowest cost of carbon trading, the lowest penalty cost for SO2 and NOX emissions and total operation cost as objective functions respectively The results show that the strategy is effective in reducing air pollutant emissions from integrated energy systems and the outputs of CHP and HFC with adjustable thermoelectric ratios are more flexible and can effectively achieve carbon reduction and pollutant emission reduction. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under theCCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).