Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer in China and the world: current status and future perspectives

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth most common cancer in women, but the mild, non-specific clinical presentation in early stages often prevents diagnosis until progression to advanced-stage disease, contributing to the high mortality associated with OC. While serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) has been successfully used as a blood-borne marker and is routinely monitored in patients with OC, CA-125 testing has limitations in sensitivity and specificity and does not provide direct information on important molecular characteristics that can guide treatment decisions, such as homologous recombination repair deficiency. We comprehensively review the literature surrounding methods based on liquid biopsies, which may provide improvements in sensitivity, specificity, and provide valuable additional information to enable early diagnosis, monitoring of recurrence/progression/therapeutic response, and accurate prognostication for patients with OC, highlighting applications of this research in China.