Extraction and Characterization of Natural Dye Stuff from Spent Coffee Ground and Bio-Mordant from Mango Bark

Synthetic colorants used for dye and mordant purposes in textile industries are currently causing environmental problems in the world. The usage of these synthetic colorants is a major health problem and harms the environment. For this reason, synthetic colorants should be replaced by natural colorants. Therefore, this study aimed to extract natural dye stuff from spent coffee ground and bio-mordant from mango bark. The raw materials were collected, washed, dried, crushed and their physico-chemical properties were determined. Finally, the samples were extracted by using the solvent extraction method. During the extraction process, the central composite design method (CCD) was used to analyze and optimize the effect of dosage (g/l), temperature (degree celsius) and time (min). The maximum natural dye yield value of 18.41% was obtained at a dosage of 60 g/l, temperature of 70 degrees C and time of 90 min. Also, the highest natural mordant yield of 19.03% was achieved at the value of 45 g/l, 70 degrees C and 90 min. The fastness properties of dyed and mordanted cotton fabric results were within a range of acceptable standard values. Therefore, using spent coffee grounds for natural dyes and mango bark for natural mordant can be a feasible commercial alternative to synthetic dyes in textile and dyeing industries.