An Evidence-Based and Case-Based Comparison of Modern Face Lift Techniques

Background:Facial aging is a multifactorial process that affects each component of facial anatomy. The two general groups of face lift techniques are superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) elevation and SMAS manipulation. The purpose of this article is to describe and compare the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of face lift techniques. Methods:A systematic review was performed to describe current outcomes evidence for face lift techniques. A subcohort of articles was selected for case-based analysis based on designated facial assessment criteria. Analysis was performed to determine the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each respective technique. Results:A total of 65 articles were selected for systematic review, of which 15 met criteria for case-based review. Patient satisfaction was found to be equivocal for various face lift techniques. Specific advantages and disadvantages for each face lift technique were dependent on the techniques' approach to skin shift vector along with its degree of mobilizing superficial facial fat. Facial fat grafting was universally applicable for restoration of deep malar volume. Facial fat grafting was also used differently depending on the SMAS technique to address its specific limitations. Conclusions:The authors' review confirms that there are many methods to obtain excellent outcomes in facial rejuvenation. Experienced surgeons are able to obtain consistent results through a variety of techniques based on understanding the aesthetic needs of the individual patient, the quality of the soft tissues being manipulated, and how to vary a specific technique to reach desired aesthetic end points.